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Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide.
Gonorrhea is typically spread through sexual contact with an infected individual, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her newborn during childbirth.
Symptoms of gonorrhea can include a burning sensation during urination, abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina, pain or swelling in the testicles, and bleeding between periods. However, many people with gonorrhea may not experience any symptoms at all.
Diagnosis of gonorrhea involves laboratory tests to detect the presence of the bacterium in urine or samples taken from the site of infection.
Treatment for gonorrhea typically involves the use of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin. Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection and further spread of the infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider to ensure that the infection is completely cleared.
Untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (in women), infertility, and an increased risk of HIV infection.
Prevention of gonorrhea involves practicing safe sex, including consistent use of condoms, getting regular STI testing, and limiting the number of sexual partners. Vaccines for gonorrhea are currently in development but are not yet available for widespread use.