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Gingivitis is a type of gum disease that is caused by inflammation of the gums. It is typically caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth, which contains bacteria that can irritate and inflame the gums. Poor oral hygiene is the most common cause of gingivitis, but it can also be caused by hormonal changes, certain medications, and certain health conditions that affect the immune system.
The symptoms of gingivitis can include:
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis, which can cause irreversible damage to the gums and bones that support the teeth.
Treatment for gingivitis typically involves improving oral hygiene habits, such as brushing twice a day and flossing daily, to remove plaque and prevent further buildup. Professional dental cleanings may also be necessary to remove hardened plaque, or tartar, from the teeth and gums. In some cases, medications or other treatments may be necessary to address underlying health conditions that may be contributing to gingivitis.