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Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that occurs when the body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 properly. This is usually due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein made by cells in the stomach that helps the body absorb vitamin B12. Without enough intrinsic factor, the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 from food, which can lead to a deficiency.
Symptoms of pernicious anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, loss of balance, and a swollen, red tongue. Over time, a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to nerve damage, depression, confusion, and memory loss.
Treatment for pernicious anemia typically involves regular injections of vitamin B12, as oral supplements are not effective for those with a lack of intrinsic factor. Injections may be given daily or weekly initially, and then less frequently once vitamin B12 levels have been restored. It is important for those with pernicious anemia to receive ongoing treatment and monitoring to prevent complications and ensure proper vitamin B12 levels.