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Vitamin and mineral deficiency during pregnancy and lactation Generics
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Vitamin and mineral deficiency during pregnancy and lactation - Generics
During pregnancy and lactation, it is important for women to consume adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals to support the growth and development of the fetus and infant. Deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals can have adverse effects on both the mother and the baby. Here are some examples:
- Iron: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in pregnancy and can lead to anemia, which increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Pregnant and lactating women need more iron than non-pregnant women, and iron-rich foods or supplements may be recommended.
- Folate: Folate is essential for fetal neural tube development and reduces the risk of neural tube defects. A deficiency in folate during pregnancy can also increase the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Women who are planning to become pregnant or are already pregnant are often advised to take a folate supplement.
- Vitamin D: Vitamin D is important for bone health, immune function, and may play a role in fetal growth and development. Deficiency during pregnancy may increase the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended for women with low levels.
- Calcium: Calcium is essential for bone development in the fetus and for maintaining maternal bone health during pregnancy and lactation. Insufficient calcium intake may increase the risk of hypertension and preeclampsia in the mother, as well as low birth weight and skeletal problems in the infant.
- Iodine: Iodine is essential for thyroid function, which is important for fetal brain development. Deficiency during pregnancy can lead to congenital hypothyroidism, which can result in intellectual disability and growth retardation. Iodine supplementation may be recommended for women with low levels.
- Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is important for nerve function and red blood cell production. Deficiency during pregnancy can lead to anemia and neurological problems in the infant. Women who follow a vegan or vegetarian diet are at higher risk of deficiency and may need to supplement with B12.
It is important for pregnant and lactating women to talk to their healthcare provider about their nutrient needs and potential deficiencies. A balanced diet and/or supplements may be recommended to ensure adequate nutrient intake for the health of the mother and the baby.
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