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Chronic urticaria, also known as chronic hives, is a skin condition characterized by the recurrent appearance of itchy, raised, red welts or bumps on the skin that last for more than 6 weeks. The welts may vary in size and shape and can appear on any part of the body. They often appear suddenly and may disappear just as quickly.
Chronic urticaria is different from acute urticaria, which typically lasts less than 6 weeks and is usually caused by an allergic reaction to food, medication, insect bites, or other triggers. Chronic urticaria can be more difficult to diagnose and treat because it is often caused by non-allergic triggers and can be associated with underlying medical conditions.
Causes:
The exact cause of chronic urticaria is often unknown, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune response. In some cases, it may be triggered by an underlying medical condition, such as thyroid disease, hepatitis, or lupus. Other potential triggers include stress, viral infections, physical pressure, temperature changes, or exposure to certain foods, medications, or environmental irritants.
Symptoms:
The primary symptom of chronic urticaria is the appearance of itchy, raised welts or hives on the skin that come and go over a period of 6 weeks or more. The welts may appear on any part of the body, may be small or large, and may be clustered or spread out. They may change shape and size rapidly and may be accompanied by swelling, redness, and a burning or stinging sensation. In some cases, chronic urticaria may be associated with other symptoms, such as fever, joint pain, or difficulty breathing.
Treatment:
Treatment for chronic urticaria typically involves identifying and avoiding triggers, as well as taking medication to reduce symptoms. Antihistamines, such as cetirizine, fexofenadine, or loratadine, are commonly used to reduce itching and swelling. In some cases, stronger medications, such as corticosteroids, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. In addition, other medications, such as leukotriene inhibitors, immune modulators, or biologic therapies, may be used to help manage symptoms.
In severe cases, treatment may include hospitalization and the administration of intravenous medications or other therapies to help control symptoms. In general, with appropriate treatment, most people with chronic urticaria can effectively manage their symptoms and lead normal, active lives.