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Neonatal sepsis is a serious medical condition that affects newborn infants. It occurs when a newborn baby has a bacterial infection in their bloodstream or other parts of the body. Neonatal sepsis can be caused by different types of bacteria, including group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes.
Newborn babies are at higher risk of developing sepsis because their immune system is not fully developed yet. Symptoms of neonatal sepsis may include fever, low body temperature, difficulty feeding, lethargy, irritability, and respiratory distress.
There are different types of neonatal sepsis, including early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). EOS occurs within the first 72 hours of life and is usually acquired from the mother during childbirth. LOS occurs after 72 hours of life and can be acquired from the hospital environment or community.
Treatment for neonatal sepsis involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as oxygen therapy or intravenous fluids. It is important to start treatment as soon as possible to prevent complications and long-term effects. Preventative measures, such as screening pregnant women for group B streptococcus and proper hygiene practices in the hospital setting, can also help reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis.