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Amoebiasis, also known as amebiasis, is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite can infect the intestines and other parts of the body, causing a range of symptoms from mild diarrhea to severe colitis or liver abscesses.
Amoebiasis is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, or by direct contact with infected fecal matter. Risk factors include poor sanitation, travel to endemic areas, and compromised immune systems.
The most common symptom of amoebiasis is diarrhea, which can be watery or bloody. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, the parasite can cause tissue damage and lead to colitis, liver abscesses, and other complications.
Diagnosis of amoebiasis is typically made by stool analysis, which can identify the presence of the parasite or its DNA. Blood tests and imaging studies may also be used to evaluate for complications.
Treatment of amoebiasis usually involves a course of antibiotics or other antimicrobial agents, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, to kill the parasite. In severe cases, drainage of abscesses or other surgical interventions may be necessary.
Prevention of amoebiasis involves good sanitation practices, including hand hygiene, proper food handling and preparation, and safe drinking water sources. Travelers to endemic areas should take precautions to avoid contaminated food and water, and may consider prophylactic treatment with medication.
Overall, amoebiasis is a common and treatable infection, but can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Early recognition and prompt treatment can prevent long-term sequelae and improve outcomes.