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The bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, are a pair of small glands located on either side of the urethra in males. These glands are responsible for producing and secreting a clear, viscous fluid that is released during sexual arousal prior to ejaculation.
The fluid produced by the bulbourethral glands helps to lubricate the urethra and neutralize any acidic urine that may be present, which helps to protect sperm as they travel through the urethra during ejaculation.
Disorders of the bulbourethral glands are relatively uncommon, but can include inflammation, infection, and blockage of the ducts that carry the glandular secretions. These conditions can cause discomfort, pain, and swelling in the area around the glands, as well as difficulty with sexual function. Treatment for bulbourethral gland disorders may involve antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.