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Orchitis

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Genitals

Orchitis

Orchitis is the inflammation of one or both testicles, which can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. It is commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection, including sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Symptoms of orchitis may include:

Pain, tenderness, or swelling in one or both testicles
Redness and warmth in the scrotum
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Pain or discomfort during urination

Diagnosis of orchitis may involve a physical exam of the testicles and scrotum, as well as blood and urine tests to identify the underlying cause of the infection. In some cases, imaging tests such as an ultrasound may be performed to assess the extent of inflammation.

Treatment of orchitis may involve antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat the underlying infection, as well as pain medications and supportive care such as rest, elevation of the scrotum, and application of ice packs to reduce swelling and discomfort. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Complications of orchitis may include infertility, chronic pain, and the development of a testicular abscess. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you experience any symptoms of orchitis, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and prevent complications.

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Disease Signs and Symptoms

Swollen testicle
Fever
Nausea or vomiting

Disease Causes

Orchitis

Orchitis can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Sometimes a cause of orchitis can't be determined.

Bacterial orchitis

Most often, bacterial orchitis is associated with or the result of epididymitis. Epididymitis usually is caused by an infection of the urethra or bladder that spreads to the epididymis.

Often, the cause of the infection is an STI. Other causes of infection can be related to having been born with abnormalities in your urinary tract or having had a catheter or medical instruments inserted into your penis.

Viral orchitis

The mumps virus usually causes viral orchitis. Nearly one-third of males who contract the mumps after puberty develop orchitis, usually four to seven days after onset of the mumps.

Disease Prevents

Orchitis

To prevent orchitis:

Get immunized against mumps, the most common cause of viral orchitis
Practice safe sex, to help protect against STIs that can cause bacterial orchitis

Disease Treatments

Orchitis

Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis.

Treating bacterial orchitis

Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment.

Take the entire course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms ease sooner, to ensure that the infection is gone.

It may take several weeks for the tenderness to disappear. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic strap, applying ice packs and taking pain medication can help relieve discomfort.

Treating viral orchitis

Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. Your doctor might recommend:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Bed rest and elevating your scrotum
Cold packs

Most people with viral orchitis start to feel better in three to 10 days, although it can take several weeks for the scrotal tenderness to disappear.