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Jaundice

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Liver (Digestive system)

Jaundice

Jaundice is a condition in which the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow due to a buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is produced by the liver as it breaks down old red blood cells. When the liver is not functioning properly, bilirubin may accumulate in the blood and cause yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Jaundice can be caused by a variety of factors, including liver disease, viral hepatitis, gallstones, and certain medications. It can also be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as pancreatitis, autoimmune disease, or blood disorders.

The symptoms of jaundice may include:

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Dark urine
Pale stools
Itching
Fatigue
Abdominal pain or swelling

The treatment of jaundice depends on the underlying cause. If the jaundice is caused by a viral infection, for example, antiviral medications may be prescribed. If the cause is related to gallstones, surgery may be necessary to remove the gallbladder. In some cases, hospitalization may be required to manage severe symptoms or complications.

It is important to see a healthcare provider if you develop jaundice, as it can be a sign of a serious underlying condition. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes and prevent complications.

Research Papers

Disease Signs and Symptoms

Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice)
Yellow skin
Yellow urine color
Fever
Nausea or vomiting
Lack of sleep (Sleep apnea)

Disease Causes

Infant jaundice

Excess bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia) is the main cause of jaundice. Bilirubin, which is responsible for the yellow color of jaundice, is a normal part of the pigment released from the breakdown of "used" red blood cells.

Newborns produce more bilirubin than adults do because of greater production and faster breakdown of red blood cells in the first few days of life. Normally, the liver filters bilirubin from the bloodstream and releases it into the intestinal tract. A newborn's immature liver often can't remove bilirubin quickly enough, causing an excess of bilirubin. Jaundice due to these normal newborn conditions is called physiologic jaundice, and it typically appears on the second or third day of life.

Other causes

An underlying disorder may cause infant jaundice. In these cases, jaundice often appears much earlier or much later than does the more common form of infant jaundice. Diseases or conditions that can cause jaundice include:

Internal bleeding (hemorrhage)
An infection in your baby's blood (sepsis)
Other viral or bacterial infections
An incompatibility between the mother's blood and the baby's blood
A liver malfunction
Biliary atresia, a condition in which the baby’s bile ducts are blocked or scarred
An enzyme deficiency
An abnormality of your baby's red blood cells that causes them to break down rapidly

Disease Prevents

Infant jaundice

The best preventive of infant jaundice is adequate feeding. Breast-fed infants should have eight to 12 feedings a day for the first several days of life. Formula-fed infants usually should have 1 to 2 ounces (about 30 to 60 milliliters) of formula every two to three hours for the first week.

Disease Treatments

Infant jaundice

Mild infant jaundice often disappears on its own within two or three weeks. For moderate or severe jaundice, your baby may need to stay longer in the newborn nursery or be readmitted to the hospital.

Treatments to lower the level of bilirubin in your baby's blood may include:

Enhanced nutrition. To prevent weight loss, your doctor may recommend more-frequent feeding or supplementation to ensure that your baby receives adequate nutrition.
Light therapy (phototherapy). Your baby may be placed under a special lamp that emits light in the blue-green spectrum. The light changes the shape and structure of bilirubin molecules in such a way that they can be excreted in both the urine and stool. During treatment, your baby will wear only a diaper and protective eye patches. Light therapy may be supplemented with the use of a light-emitting pad or mattress.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Jaundice may be related to blood type differences between mother and baby. This condition results in the baby carrying antibodies from the mother that contribute to the rapid breakdown of the baby's red blood cells. Intravenous transfusion of an immunoglobulin — a blood protein that can reduce levels of antibodies — may decrease jaundice and lessen the need for an exchange transfusion, although results are not conclusive.
Exchange transfusion. Rarely, when severe jaundice doesn't respond to other treatments, a baby may need an exchange transfusion of blood. This involves repeatedly withdrawing small amounts of blood and replacing it with donor blood, thereby diluting the bilirubin and maternal antibodies — a procedure that's performed in a newborn intensive care unit.

Disease Diagnoses

Disease Allopathic Generics

Dextrose
A patient with jaundice who vomits but cannot eat or has a loss of appetite should be given 40/50 drops intravenously daily for 5/7 days.
Vitamin C and vitamin B in saline should be given in two saline.
Ampicillin Sodium
Medicines containing ampicillin for patients who have inflammation of the bile ducts or who have fever.
1 capsule every 6 hours every 5/7 days.
Amoxicillin Trihydrate
1 each 3 times a day.
1/2 teaspoon 3 times a day.
Cefuroxime Axetil
A high-potency antibiotic should be given if the urine test passes too high.
1+0+1 7 days.
Metronidazole
Medicines containing metronidazole for amoebic hepatitis.
1 pill 3 times daily.
Vitamin C [Ascorbic acid]
Medicines containing vitamin-C are required.
1 pill should be sucked 2/3 times a day.
Vitamin B complex
Vitamin-B complex medicines.
1 pill 2/3 times a day with liquid 2+2+2 after meals.

Disease Ayurvedic Generics

Disease Homeopathic Generics

Podophyllum peltatum
Q 3/4 drop with little water 4 times a day.
Leptandra
Q Mix 15/20 drops of the medicine in a glass of water and take one spoon every two hours.
Carduus marianus
Q Mix 15/20 drops of the medicine in a glass of water and take one spoon every two hours.
Macrotes racemosa
Q Mix 15/20 drops of the medicine in a glass of water and take one spoon every two hours.
Digitalis purpurea
30 2/3 drops with little water every two hours.
Dolichos
6. Mix 15/20 drops of medicine with 100 ml of water and use one spoon every hour.
Phosphorus
6 Take 2/3 drop 4 times a day with a little water.
Myrica cerifera
Q Mix 15/20 drops of the medicine in a glass of water and use one spoon every hour.
Mercurius solubilis
6. Mix 20/25 drops of the medicine with one ounce of water and use one spoon every hour.
Natrum sulphuricum
Mix 4/5 grains of 1X powder with water and take one spoon every hour.