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Systemic fungal infections refer to a group of infections caused by fungi that invade and spread throughout the body. These infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or who have undergone organ transplantation.
The most common fungal infections that can become systemic are candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. Candidiasis is caused by the Candida fungus, which is normally found in the human body, but can become overgrown and cause infection. Aspergillosis is caused by the Aspergillus fungus, which can be found in soil and on plants. Cryptococcosis is caused by the Cryptococcus fungus, which is found in bird droppings and soil. Histoplasmosis is caused by the Histoplasma fungus, which is found in soil that contains bird or bat droppings.
Systemic fungal infections can affect various parts of the body, such as the lungs, brain, and heart, and can cause a range of symptoms. These may include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, headaches, confusion, and skin lesions.
Diagnosis of systemic fungal infections may involve blood tests, imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans, or biopsy. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may be given orally, intravenously, or both. The specific medication and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection.
Prevention of systemic fungal infections involves avoiding exposure to fungi, particularly in high-risk areas such as construction sites, bird roosting sites, or caves. Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands regularly and keeping wounds clean and covered, can also help prevent infections. In addition, people with weakened immune systems may be given antifungal medications prophylactically to prevent infections.