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Enteric fever, also known as typhoid fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. It is a systemic infection that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, but can also spread to other organs in the body.
Enteric fever is transmitted through contaminated food or water, or by coming into contact with someone who is infected. Symptoms typically include high fever, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, complications such as intestinal perforation, bleeding, and organ failure can occur.
Diagnosis of enteric fever typically involves a blood test or stool culture to detect the presence of the Salmonella typhi bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and supportive care to manage symptoms such as fever and dehydration.
Prevention of enteric fever involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and properly cooking and storing food, as well as getting vaccinated against the disease. Travelers to areas with high rates of enteric fever should also take precautions to avoid contaminated food and water.
Enteric fever can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition if left untreated. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, most people make a full recovery. In some cases, the bacteria may persist in the body, leading to a chronic carrier state where the person continues to shed the bacteria and may be a source of infection for others.