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Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer that originates from melanocytes, which are cells that produce the pigment melanin. Melanoma is considered the most dangerous form of skin cancer, as it can spread rapidly to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and brain.
Risk factors for developing melanoma include a family history of the disease, fair skin, a history of severe sunburns or excessive sun exposure, having many moles or atypical moles, and a weakened immune system. Individuals who use tanning beds or have a history of tanning bed use are also at increased risk.
Symptoms of melanoma can include changes in the size, shape, or color of a mole or other skin lesion, as well as the appearance of a new mole. Melanoma may also cause itching, bleeding, or crusting of the affected area.
The diagnosis of melanoma is typically made through a biopsy, in which a small sample of the affected skin is removed and examined under a microscope. Treatment for melanoma may include surgical removal of the affected area, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.
Prevention of melanoma involves avoiding excessive sun exposure and tanning bed use, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen, and regularly examining the skin for changes in moles or other skin lesions. Early detection is key in improving outcomes for individuals with melanoma, as the disease is much more treatable in its early stages.