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Disseminated candidiasis, also known as invasive candidiasis, is a serious fungal infection caused by Candida species. It occurs when Candida spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream and can affect multiple organs, including the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain.
Disseminated candidiasis is more commonly seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or who have undergone organ transplantation, or those who have received prolonged courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Other risk factors include recent abdominal surgery, use of central venous catheters, and mechanical ventilation.
Symptoms of disseminated candidiasis vary depending on the affected organs, but may include fever, chills, low blood pressure, abdominal pain, and altered mental status.
Treatment of disseminated candidiasis typically involves antifungal medications such as fluconazole, echinocandins, or amphotericin B. The duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the response to treatment. In addition, the underlying condition that caused the weakened immune system should also be addressed to prevent recurrence of the infection.
Prevention of disseminated candidiasis involves proper infection control measures such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and proper management of invasive devices such as central venous catheters. Early detection and treatment of candidiasis in high-risk patients is also important in preventing dissemination of the infection.