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Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks. The disease is most common in the northeastern and midwestern United States, as well as in parts of Europe and Asia.
Symptoms of Lyme disease can vary widely, and may include:
If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to more severe symptoms, including arthritis, heart problems, and nervous system disorders.
Diagnosis of Lyme disease is typically based on symptoms and a history of exposure to tick bites. Blood tests may also be used to detect antibodies to the Borrelia bacteria.
Treatment for Lyme disease typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or amoxicillin, for several weeks. In more severe cases, intravenous antibiotics may be needed. In addition to antibiotics, supportive care such as pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications may be used to manage symptoms.
Prevention measures for Lyme disease include avoiding tick-infested areas, wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent, conducting tick checks after spending time outdoors, and removing ticks promptly and properly. If a tick is found attached to the skin, it should be removed with tweezers by grasping the tick near the skin and pulling straight out.