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Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the production of energy by converting food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that cells use for energy. Riboflavin is also involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. It is essential for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system.
Riboflavin deficiency is rare in developed countries but can occur in developing countries where malnutrition is common. It can also occur in people who consume a diet that is low in riboflavin, such as people with alcohol dependence, anorexia nervosa, and elderly people who live alone and have a limited diet. Riboflavin deficiency is more common in people with other nutrient deficiencies, such as iron or vitamin A deficiency.
The symptoms of riboflavin deficiency may include sore throat, redness and swelling of the lining of the mouth and throat, cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth, skin rash, inflammation and scaling of the skin, and anemia. The eyes may also be affected, with symptoms such as sensitivity to light, itching, and watering of the eyes.
Riboflavin deficiency can be diagnosed by measuring the levels of riboflavin in the blood, urine, or tissues. Treatment usually involves increasing the intake of foods that are high in riboflavin, such as milk, cheese, eggs, liver, and green leafy vegetables. Riboflavin supplements may also be prescribed to treat the deficiency.
In summary, riboflavin deficiency is a rare condition that can occur in people with a limited diet or other nutrient deficiencies. The symptoms can affect the mouth, throat, skin, and eyes, and can be diagnosed by measuring riboflavin levels in the body. Treatment involves increasing the intake of riboflavin-rich foods or taking riboflavin supplements.