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Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (NKH) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes. It is a metabolic emergency that occurs when the blood sugar levels become extremely high, typically over 600 mg/dL (33 mmol/L), and the blood becomes very thick and concentrated. This leads to severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and damage to the brain and other organs.
NKH usually occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who have other medical conditions such as heart or kidney disease, and who may not have been properly managing their blood sugar levels. Symptoms of NKH can include extreme thirst, frequent urination, dry mouth, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
Treatment of NKH typically involves aggressive fluid replacement with intravenous fluids, as well as careful monitoring of electrolyte levels and blood sugar levels. Insulin therapy may also be used to help bring down the blood sugar levels. It is important to treat NKH promptly to prevent serious complications such as kidney failure, coma, or even death.
Preventing NKH involves good blood sugar management, including regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, taking medications as prescribed, following a healthy diet and exercise plan, and seeking medical attention promptly for any symptoms of high blood sugar. It is also important for people with diabetes to have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor their blood sugar levels and overall health.