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Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, is a rare genetic disorder that affects blood clotting. It is caused by a deficiency in clotting factor IX, which is a protein that helps blood to clot and prevent bleeding.
People with hemophilia B are at risk of bleeding episodes that can occur spontaneously or as a result of injury or surgery. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the level of clotting factor IX in the blood. Mild cases may only experience bleeding episodes in response to injury or surgery, while severe cases may experience frequent spontaneous bleeding episodes that can be life-threatening.
Symptoms of hemophilia B may include:
Diagnosis of hemophilia B involves a blood test to measure the level of clotting factor IX in the blood. Genetic testing may also be done to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific mutation responsible for the condition.
Treatment for hemophilia B involves replacement of the missing clotting factor IX. This can be done through regular infusions of clotting factor concentrate or recombinant factor IX. In addition, people with hemophilia B may need to take steps to prevent bleeding, such as avoiding certain activities and using protective gear.
Prevention of hemophilia B involves genetic counseling for families with a history of the condition. Prenatal testing can also be done to identify if a fetus has the condition.