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Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. It can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, the elderly, and young children.
Symptoms of pneumonia can vary depending on the cause and severity of the infection, but can include:
Diagnosis of pneumonia usually involves a physical exam and a chest X-ray. If necessary, additional tests such as blood tests, sputum cultures, or a CT scan may also be done.
Treatment for pneumonia typically involves antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antivirals for viral pneumonia, and antifungals for fungal pneumonia. Other treatments may include fever reducers, cough suppressants, and oxygen therapy.
Prevention of pneumonia includes vaccination against the most common bacteria and viruses that cause the infection, as well as practicing good hygiene such as washing your hands frequently and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
If left untreated or if the infection is severe, pneumonia can lead to complications such as lung abscesses, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms of pneumonia.