Cellulite is a common condition that occurs when subcutaneous fat pushes against connective tissue, causing the skin to have a dimpled or lumpy appearance. Cellulite is more common in women than in men, and it typically affects the thighs, hips, buttocks, and abdomen. Although cellulite is not harmful, it can be unsightly and affect self-confidence. Factors that contribute to the development of cellulite include genetics, hormonal changes, poor diet, and a sedentary lifestyle. Treatment options for cellulite include topical creams, massage therapy, and medical procedures such as laser treatment or radiofrequency therapy. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding smoking and alcohol can also help reduce the appearance of cellulite. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the best approach for managing cellulite, as the most effective treatment will depend on individual factors such as severity of cellulite and overall health.

Little is known about what causes cellulite. It involves fibrous connective cords that tether the skin to the underlying muscle, with the fat lying between. As fat cells accumulate, they push up against the skin, while the long, tough cords pull down. This creates an uneven surface or dimpling.

In addition, hormonal factors play a large role in the development of cellulite, and genetics determine skin structure, skin texture and body type. Other factors, such as weight and muscle tone affect whether you have cellulite, though even very fit people can have it.

A variety of treatment approaches are available to improve the appearance of cellulite, at least temporarily. Each has its own set of potential results and side effects. Some studies indicate that a combination of treatments may yield the most satisfying results.

• Laser and radiofrequency treatments. Various wounding (ablative) laser treatments are available to treat cellulite. In one method, a thin fiber is slipped under the skin to deliver laser heat that destroys the fibrous bands binding fat. This approach has shown to reduce the appearance of cellulite for six months to a year. Further study is needed.
• There's also a device that uses heat (radiofrequency) for nonablative treatment that improves how the skin looks. You'll likely need several sessions before you notice an improvement in the appearance of your skin. Nonablative treatments typically need to be repeated more often than do ablative treatments.
• Cryolipolysis. With cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting), fat below the skin is reduced with a device that uses vacuum suction to raise tissue into contact with cooling plates. You'll need multiple treatments. Results appear gradually over two to three months.
• Acoustic wave therapy. With this technique, a technician applies gel to the affected skin and runs a small, hand-held device (transducer) over the area. The transducer sends sound waves into your body, breaking up cellulite. You'll likely need several sessions before you notice an improvement in the appearance of your skin.
• Surgery. Your doctor may offer one of various procedures that use needles, blades or other special tools to separate the fibrous bands under the skin (subcision) in an effort to smooth the skin. One method also uses fat grafting to improve skin appearance. Results from these techniques may last two to three years.
• Complications of these techniques may include pain and bleeding beneath the skin.

Cellulite treatments aren't usually covered by insurance. Also, any of the procedures can have side effects, so be sure to discuss them with your doctor. Make sure your dermatologist or plastic surgeon is specially trained and experienced in the technique you're considering.