Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a condition characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood, which can increase the risk of blood clots and pregnancy complications.

People with APS may experience symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot in a deep vein), recurrent miscarriage, stroke, and heart attack. In addition, APS can also affect the health of the nervous system and cause problems such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating.

The exact cause of APS is not known, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body mistakenly attacks its own cells and tissues. APS can occur alone or as a complication of other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus.

Treatment for APS usually involves the use of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin or heparin, to reduce the risk of blood clots. In women with APS who are trying to become pregnant, treatment may also involve the use of low-dose aspirin and heparin to improve pregnancy outcomes.

If you have a history of blood clots, recurrent pregnancy loss, or other symptoms suggestive of APS, it's important to see a doctor for a diagnosis. Your doctor may perform tests such as a blood test to measure levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, a Doppler ultrasound to evaluate blood flow, or an MRI or CT scan to evaluate for signs of blood clots. With appropriate treatment and management, many people with APS are able to prevent or minimize the risk of serious complications.

Antiphospholipid syndrome occurs when the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that make blood much more likely to clot. Antibodies usually protect the body against invaders, such as viruses and bacteria.

Antiphospholipid syndrome can be caused by an underlying condition, such as an autoimmune disorder. You can also develop the syndrome without an underlying cause.

If you have blood clots, standard initial treatment involves a combination of blood-thinning medications. The most common are heparin and warfarin (Jantoven). Heparin is fast-acting and delivered via injections. Warfarin comes in pill form and takes several days to take effect. Aspirin is also a blood thinner.

When you're taking blood thinners, you have an increased risk of bleeding episodes. Your doctor will monitor your dosage with blood tests to be sure your blood is capable of clotting enough to stop the bleeding of a cut or the bleeding under the skin from a bruise.

There is some evidence that other drugs might be helpful in treating antiphospholipid syndrome. These include hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), rituximab (Rituxan) and statins. More study is needed.

Treatment during pregnancy

It's possible to have a successful pregnancy if you have antiphospholipid syndrome, especially with treatment. Treatment usually involves heparin or heparin with aspirin. Warfarin isn't given to pregnant women because it can affect the fetus.