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Vaginal candidiasis, also known as thrush or a yeast infection, is a common fungal infection that affects the vagina. It is caused by the overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, typically Candida albicans. Candida normally lives on the skin and in various areas of the body, including the mouth, throat, and vagina, without causing any problems. However, certain factors can lead to an overgrowth of Candida, causing an infection.
Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis can include itching and burning around the vagina, swelling and redness of the vulva, a thick, white vaginal discharge that may resemble cottage cheese, and pain or discomfort during sex or urination.
Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis involves a medical history and physical examination by a healthcare provider, as well as laboratory tests such as a vaginal culture or a microscopic examination of vaginal discharge.
Treatment for vaginal candidiasis typically involves the use of antifungal medications, such as topical creams, ointments, or suppositories, or oral medications such as fluconazole. In some cases, multiple doses of medication may be required. Over-the-counter treatments are also available in some countries.
Prevention of vaginal candidiasis involves maintaining good hygiene, wearing loose-fitting clothing, avoiding irritating products such as douches or scented soaps, and treating any underlying conditions such as diabetes that may increase the risk of infection.
While vaginal candidiasis is not usually a serious condition, it can be uncomfortable and cause significant discomfort. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, or if other symptoms such as fever or abdominal pain develop.