Sugar substitutes are artificial or natural substances used to sweeten foods and drinks without adding calories or raising blood sugar levels. They are also known as non-nutritive sweeteners or low-calorie sweeteners.
Common types of sugar substitutes include:
- Artificial sweeteners: These are synthetic chemicals that are much sweeter than sugar, such as aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, and acesulfame potassium. They are used in a variety of food and drinks, including diet sodas, sugar-free candies, and chewing gum.
- Natural sweeteners: These are derived from natural sources such as plants or fruits, and include stevia, monk fruit extract, and erythritol. They are often used in low-calorie or sugar-free products and are generally considered safe, although they may cause gastrointestinal side effects in some people.
- Sugar alcohols: These are carbohydrates that occur naturally in some fruits and vegetables, and can also be produced by chemical processes. Examples include xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol. They are commonly used in sugar-free gums and candies and may have a laxative effect if consumed in large amounts.
Sugar substitutes can be useful for people who want to reduce their sugar intake or manage their blood sugar levels, such as those with diabetes. However, it's important to note that some sugar substitutes may have side effects, and their long-term safety is not fully understood. It's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your diet.