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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with daily functioning and development.
The symptoms of ADHD can be grouped into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention symptoms may include difficulty focusing on tasks, making careless mistakes, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms may include fidgeting, restlessness, interrupting others, and impulsive decision-making.
There are several subtypes of ADHD, including predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type (inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive).
The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. ADHD can be diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes a clinical interview, rating scales, and observations of behavior.
Treatment for ADHD often involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Medications such as stimulants can help improve focus and reduce hyperactivity-impulsivity, while behavioral therapy can help improve organizational skills, time management, and problem-solving abilities. In addition, accommodations in the school or workplace, such as extra time on tests or a quieter work environment, may also be helpful for individuals with ADHD.