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Miosis, or constriction of the pupil, is a common side effect of ocular surgery. It can occur as a result of surgical manipulation of the eye, as well as the use of certain medications such as opioids or cholinesterase inhibitors. Miosis can make it difficult for the surgeon to see the surgical site and may increase the risk of complications.
Prophylaxis of miosis during ocular surgery typically involves the use of medications known as mydriatics, which are used to dilate the pupil. These medications work by blocking the action of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for constriction of the pupil.
The most commonly used mydriatics for prophylaxis of miosis during ocular surgery are atropine and tropicamide. These medications are typically administered as eye drops prior to the start of the surgery. The dosage and timing of the medication may vary depending on the type of surgery and the patient's individual needs.
While mydriatics are generally safe and effective for prophylaxis of miosis, they can cause side effects such as blurred vision, dry mouth, and sensitivity to light. In rare cases, they can also cause more serious side effects such as increased intraocular pressure or angle-closure glaucoma. It is important to monitor patients closely for any signs of adverse reactions and to adjust the dosage or timing of the medication as needed.