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Prolactinomas - Generics
Prolactinomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that produce an excessive amount of prolactin, a hormone responsible for milk production in women. The tumors are the most common type of pituitary gland tumors, accounting for 30-40% of all pituitary tumors.
Prolactinomas can cause a range of symptoms in men and women, including:
- Menstrual irregularities: In women, prolactinomas can cause irregular periods or complete cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea). They can also cause milk production from the breast (galactorrhea) and infertility.
- Erectile dysfunction: In men, prolactinomas can cause impotence, decreased libido, and infertility.
- Headaches: Prolactinomas can cause headaches that range from mild to severe.
- Vision changes: Large prolactinomas can press on the optic nerve and cause vision changes, such as blurred vision or loss of peripheral vision.
- Decreased bone density: Prolonged high levels of prolactin can cause a decrease in bone density, which can lead to osteoporosis.
Treatment of prolactinomas depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the severity of symptoms. Medications, such as dopamine agonists, are typically the first-line treatment and are effective in reducing prolactin levels and shrinking the tumor in most cases. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the tumor. Radiation therapy may also be used in certain situations, such as when medications and surgery are not effective or when the tumor is malignant.
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