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Premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer - Generics
Premalignant cervical lesions are abnormal cells that are present in the cervix but have not yet developed into cervical cancer. These lesions are often caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. There are two types of premalignant cervical lesions: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).
CIN is a common premalignant cervical lesion that affects the cells on the surface of the cervix. There are three grades of CIN, with CIN 1 being the mildest and CIN 3 being the most severe. CIN 1 often resolves on its own, while CIN 2 and 3 require medical intervention, such as a colposcopy, biopsy, or excisional procedure.
AIS is a less common premalignant cervical lesion that affects the glandular cells of the cervix. It is often more difficult to detect than CIN and may require a cone biopsy or a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for diagnosis and treatment.
If left untreated, premalignant cervical lesions can progress to cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the cervix and can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during sexual intercourse.
Prevention and early detection are key in the management of premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Regular screening with a Pap smear or HPV test can detect abnormal cells before they develop into cancer. Vaccines are also available to protect against the most common types of HPV that cause cervical cancer. Treatment options for cervical cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
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