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Bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart, particularly the heart valves. It is typically caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream, such as Streptococcus viridans or Staphylococcus aureus, and attach to the heart valves or damaged heart tissue.
Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis may include fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and a new or changing heart murmur. In some cases, the infection can cause complications such as heart failure, stroke, or sepsis, which can be life-threatening.
Treatment for bacterial endocarditis typically involves a course of antibiotics, which may need to be administered intravenously (IV). In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves or to remove infected tissue.
To prevent bacterial endocarditis, it is important to practice good oral hygiene, as bacteria from dental procedures or infections can enter the bloodstream and increase the risk of infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis, or the use of antibiotics before certain dental procedures or surgeries, may be recommended for individuals at high risk of developing bacterial endocarditis, such as those with a history of the condition or with certain congenital heart defects.