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Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a serious lung infection that can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or receiving immunosuppressive therapy. PJP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii).
Symptoms of PJP can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. These symptoms can develop slowly over several weeks or more rapidly over a few days. In severe cases, PJP can lead to respiratory failure, which can be life-threatening.
Diagnosis of PJP may involve a combination of medical history, physical examination, chest X-ray or CT scan, and laboratory tests such as a sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) test. The diagnosis may be confirmed through the detection of the fungus in these samples.
Treatment of PJP typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in the lungs. The length of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's response to therapy.
Prevention of PJP involves managing underlying conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS, and taking prophylactic medications in certain high-risk populations, such as people with HIV/AIDS who have a low CD4 count.
If you are experiencing symptoms of PJP or have concerns about your respiratory health, it is important to seek care from a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment of PJP can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.