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Pneumococcal disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus. It can cause a range of illnesses, from mild ear infections to more severe infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia (a bloodstream infection).
Pneumococcus is a common bacterium that can be found in the nose and throat of many people without causing any harm. However, when the immune system is weakened, or the bacterium enters the bloodstream or other normally sterile sites in the body, it can cause an infection.
Symptoms of pneumococcal disease can vary depending on the type of infection. Ear infections may cause pain and fever, while pneumonia can cause cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Meningitis can cause severe headache, neck stiffness, and confusion, while bacteremia can cause fever, chills, and low blood pressure.
Pneumococcal disease is usually treated with antibiotics, but prevention is also important. Vaccines are available that can help to protect against pneumococcal disease, including a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). These vaccines are recommended for children and adults with certain health conditions, as well as adults over 65 years of age. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and covering coughs and sneezes, can help to prevent the spread of pneumococcal disease.