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Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment that involves replacing the hormones estrogen and progesterone that decrease during menopause. Menopause is a natural biological process that occurs in women as they age, typically between the ages of 45 and 55, and is marked by the cessation of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months.
The symptoms of menopause can be varied and include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes, and sleep disturbances. HRT can help alleviate these symptoms and reduce the risk of certain health conditions associated with menopause, such as osteoporosis and heart disease.
There are different types of HRT, including estrogen-only therapy (ET) and combined estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT). ET is recommended for women who have had a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), while EPT is recommended for women who still have their uterus.
While HRT can be effective in managing symptoms of menopause, it is not without risks. Some studies have linked long-term use of HRT with an increased risk of breast cancer, stroke, and blood clots. As a result, HRT is generally recommended at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration possible.
It is important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of HRT with a healthcare provider, who can help determine whether it is a suitable option for an individual based on their medical history, current health status, and personal preferences. Alternatives to HRT, such as lifestyle changes and non-hormonal medications, may also be recommended.