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Phlebitis and extravasation are both potential complications that can occur after venous cannulation, which is the process of inserting a thin tube, called a cannula, into a vein to deliver medications, fluids, or to obtain blood samples.
Phlebitis is an inflammation of the vein that can be caused by the cannula rubbing against the vein wall or by irritating medications that are infused through the cannula. Symptoms of phlebitis can include pain, swelling, redness, or tenderness at the site of the cannula insertion.
Extravasation occurs when the cannula becomes dislodged or penetrates through the vein wall, causing medication or fluid to leak into surrounding tissues. This can cause pain, swelling, redness, or blistering at the site of extravasation, and may lead to tissue damage or necrosis.
Prevention is key in avoiding both phlebitis and extravasation. Proper insertion technique, appropriate cannula size, and frequent assessment of the cannula site can help prevent complications. If phlebitis or extravasation is suspected, the cannula should be immediately removed and the affected area should be treated with appropriate measures such as warm compresses, elevation, or medication to reduce inflammation.
In severe cases of extravasation, antidotes or surgical intervention may be necessary to prevent further tissue damage. It is important to report any signs or symptoms of phlebitis or extravasation to your healthcare provider to ensure prompt and appropriate management.