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Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system. It is caused by the influenza virus, which can be transmitted from person to person through respiratory secretions, such as coughing and sneezing.
The symptoms of influenza typically include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. In most cases, the symptoms are mild and resolve on their own within a few days to a week. However, some people may experience more severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, and confusion, which may require medical attention.
Influenza can be diagnosed through laboratory tests, which can detect the presence of the virus in respiratory secretions. Treatment for influenza typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. Antiviral medications may also be prescribed in some cases to reduce the severity and duration of the illness.
Prevention of influenza is primarily achieved through vaccination. The influenza vaccine is typically recommended for everyone over the age of 6 months, especially those at higher risk of complications from the illness, such as young children, older adults, and people with certain medical conditions. Other preventive measures include regular hand washing, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when sick.