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Paralytic ileus is a condition in which there is a temporary interruption in the normal movement of the intestines, leading to a build-up of gas and fluids in the abdomen. It can occur after surgery, particularly abdominal surgery, as a result of anesthesia, medications, or manipulation of the bowel during the procedure. Symptoms of paralytic ileus may include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Treatment for paralytic ileus typically involves supportive care, such as resting the bowel by avoiding food and drink, and providing intravenous fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help stimulate the movement of the bowel.
Post-operative urinary retention is a common complication of surgery, particularly pelvic or lower abdominal surgery. It occurs when the bladder is unable to empty properly, leading to discomfort, urinary frequency, and a feeling of incomplete voiding. Risk factors for post-operative urinary retention include older age, male sex, and the use of certain medications such as opioids.
Treatment for post-operative urinary retention may include medications to help relax the bladder muscles and increase urine flow, or catheterization to drain urine from the bladder. In some cases, self-catheterization may be recommended for a period of time following surgery to help prevent urinary retention.
Prevention of paralytic ileus and post-operative urinary retention involves careful surgical technique, including minimizing bowel manipulation and avoiding the use of medications that may contribute to these conditions. Early mobilization and the use of appropriate pain management strategies can also help reduce the risk of these complications.