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Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
Symptoms of leprosy can vary widely depending on the stage of the disease, and may include skin lesions, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, muscle weakness, and vision loss. The disease can also cause disfigurement, particularly in the face, hands, and feet.
Leprosy is spread through close contact with an infected person, usually through respiratory droplets or through contact with skin lesions. It is not highly contagious, and most people who are exposed to the bacterium do not develop the disease.
Treatment for leprosy typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine, for a period of six to 12 months. Early treatment is important to prevent nerve damage and other complications associated with the disease.
Prevention of leprosy involves practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and seeking prompt medical attention if any concerning symptoms arise. A leprosy vaccine is also available, but its effectiveness is still being studied.