Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, painful, round or oval-shaped sores that develop inside the mouth, on the lips, or on the tongue. They are common and can affect people of all ages.
The exact cause of mouth ulcers is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a variety of factors, including:
- Trauma or injury to the mouth, such as biting the inside of the cheek or tongue.
- Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during menstruation.
- Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12, iron, or folate.
- Certain medical conditions, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or beta-blockers.
The symptoms of mouth ulcers can vary, but may include:
- Small, painful sores inside the mouth.
- Redness or swelling around the sore.
- Tingling or burning sensation before the sore develops.
- Difficulty eating, drinking, or talking due to pain.
Treatment for mouth ulcers typically involves managing the symptoms and promoting healing. This may include:
- Avoiding spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods that can irritate the sores.
- Using over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
- Using topical oral pain relief products, such as gels or pastes containing benzocaine or lidocaine.
- Rinsing the mouth with saltwater or other oral rinses to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
Most mouth ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks, but if they persist or are accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever or difficulty swallowing, it is important to seek medical attention.