“May all be happy, may all be healed, may all be at peace and may no one ever suffer."
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the lining of the heart, particularly the heart valves. The infection is usually caused by bacteria or other microorganisms that enter the bloodstream and attach to the heart lining or valves.
IE can occur in people of any age, but it is more common in older adults, people with preexisting heart conditions, or those with a weakened immune system. Risk factors for IE include having had heart surgery or procedures, dental procedures, or intravenous drug use.
Symptoms of IE may include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, weight loss, and night sweats. Other symptoms may include new heart murmurs, shortness of breath, cough, and swelling of the feet or legs.
Diagnosis of IE typically involves a physical exam, blood tests, and medical imaging tests, such as an echocardiogram, to detect any damage to the heart valves. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics to kill the infecting microorganisms, as well as medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves or to drain any fluid that has accumulated around the heart. Prevention is key, and people with a history of heart conditions or other risk factors for IE should take precautions to avoid infection, such as practicing good dental hygiene and avoiding unnecessary medical procedures.
Untreated IE can lead to serious complications, such as heart failure, stroke, or the development of sepsis, a life-threatening infection that can spread throughout the body. Therefore, early detection and treatment are critical for a successful outcome.