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Cervical softening and dilation are two important processes that occur during labor and delivery. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, and it must soften and dilate (or open up) to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal during delivery.
Cervical softening, also known as cervical ripening, is the process of the cervix becoming softer and more pliable. This is caused by hormonal changes in the body, specifically an increase in the hormone relaxin, which helps to relax and loosen the ligaments and muscles of the cervix. Cervical softening typically occurs in the days or weeks leading up to labor and delivery, but can also be artificially induced by medications or medical procedures.
Cervical dilation is the process of the cervix opening up to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. During labor, contractions cause the cervix to gradually dilate, and the baby's head exerts pressure on the cervix, helping it to continue to dilate. Cervical dilation is measured in centimeters and is typically considered fully dilated at 10 centimeters, at which point the baby can begin to descend through the birth canal.
The process of cervical softening and dilation is closely monitored during labor and delivery to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and baby. Healthcare providers will regularly check the progress of cervical dilation and may use interventions, such as medications or medical procedures, to help the process along if it is taking too long or if there are complications.