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Drug hypersensitivity reactions - Generics

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are a type of hypersensitivity reaction that occur when the immune system reacts abnormally to a drug or medication. These reactions can range from mild to severe and can occur after a single exposure or after prolonged use of the drug. There are several types of drug hypersensitivity reactions:

  1. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, which occur within minutes to hours of exposure to the drug. These reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and can include anaphylaxis, urticaria (hives), and angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, and tongue).
  2. Cytotoxic reactions, which occur when drugs bind to cell membranes and activate complement proteins. This can lead to hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.
  3. Immune complex reactions, which occur when immune complexes form in the blood and deposit in tissues. This can lead to serum sickness, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis.
  4. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, which occur several days to weeks after exposure to the drug. These reactions are mediated by T cells and can include maculopapular rash, fixed drug eruption, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Management of drug hypersensitivity reactions involves stopping the offending drug and providing symptomatic treatment. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Desensitization, a process of gradually increasing the dose of the drug to build tolerance, may be an option in some cases. It is important to identify the offending drug and avoid future exposure to it, and to inform healthcare providers and carry a medical alert bracelet or card.


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