Surgical incisions are intentional cuts made in the skin and underlying tissue during a surgical procedure. These incisions allow the surgeon to access the affected area, such as an organ or tissue that needs to be repaired, removed, or examined.
The type of surgical incision used depends on the location and extent of the surgical procedure, as well as the surgeon's preference and expertise. Some common types of surgical incisions include:
- Midline Incision: This is a vertical incision made in the midline of the abdomen, from the pubic bone to the navel, and sometimes higher. It is commonly used for surgeries involving the digestive system or reproductive organs.
- Transverse Incision: Also known as a "bikini incision," this is a horizontal incision made across the lower abdomen, just above the pubic bone. It is commonly used for surgeries such as a C-section or a hysterectomy.
- Oblique Incision: This is a diagonal incision made at an angle to the skin, often used for surgeries involving the flank or side of the abdomen.
- Laparoscopic Incision: This is a small incision made through the skin, through which a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted. This technique is used for minimally invasive surgeries, such as gallbladder removal or appendix removal.
After the surgery, the incision is closed with sutures or staples and covered with a sterile dressing. Proper care and monitoring of the incision are crucial to prevent infection and promote healing.