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Digoxin immune FAB
N/A

Digoxin toxicity - Generics

Digoxin is a medication that is commonly used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. It works by slowing down the heart rate and increasing the strength of the heart's contractions. However, digoxin can also be toxic if the levels in the blood become too high, which can happen due to various factors.

Symptoms of digoxin toxicity can range from mild to severe, and can include:

  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain
  • Visual disturbances, such as blurred or yellow-tinted vision
  • Confusion or delirium
  • Changes in heart rate or rhythm, such as bradycardia or tachycardia
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Headache
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Seizures or convulsions (in severe cases)

Digoxin toxicity can occur due to various factors, including:

  • Kidney dysfunction: Digoxin is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, the medication can build up in the blood, leading to toxicity.
  • Drug interactions: Certain medications can increase the levels of digoxin in the blood, leading to toxicity. These include medications that affect the way the body metabolizes digoxin, such as amiodarone, verapamil, and quinidine, as well as medications that displace digoxin from its binding sites, such as rifampin and cholestyramine.
  • Electrolyte imbalances: Electrolytes such as potassium and magnesium are important for the proper functioning of the heart. If these electrolytes are too low or too high, it can affect the way the heart responds to digoxin, leading to toxicity.
  • Age: Older adults are more susceptible to digoxin toxicity, as their kidneys may not function as well and they may be more likely to have other medical conditions or be taking other medications that can interact with digoxin.

Treatment for digoxin toxicity depends on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases may not require any treatment other than monitoring of symptoms and reducing the dose of digoxin. More severe cases may require hospitalization and treatment with medications to control the heart rate and rhythm, such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. In cases of life-threatening toxicity, treatments such as digoxin immune fab (also known as digoxin-specific antibody fragments) or cardiac pacing may be necessary.

It is important to monitor digoxin levels regularly in patients taking the medication, and to be aware of the risk factors for toxicity. Patients should also be educated on the symptoms of digoxin toxicity and advised to seek medical attention if they experience any of these symptoms.


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