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Diabetic coma is a serious complication of diabetes that can occur when blood sugar levels become either too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). Diabetic coma is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment.
Hyperglycemic diabetic coma occurs when blood sugar levels become extremely high and the body is unable to produce enough insulin to regulate them. This can be caused by not taking insulin or diabetes medications as prescribed, consuming too many carbohydrates, or stress or illness. Symptoms of hyperglycemic diabetic coma include extreme thirst, frequent urination, confusion, rapid breathing, and loss of consciousness.
Hypoglycemic diabetic coma occurs when blood sugar levels become too low, usually as a result of taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, skipping meals, or engaging in excessive physical activity. Symptoms of hypoglycemic diabetic coma include sweating, trembling, confusion, weakness, dizziness, and loss of consciousness.
The treatment of diabetic coma depends on the underlying cause. In cases of hyperglycemic diabetic coma, fluids and electrolytes may be given to restore hydration and blood sugar levels. Insulin may also be administered to regulate blood sugar levels. In cases of hypoglycemic diabetic coma, glucose may be administered orally or intravenously to raise blood sugar levels. It is important to identify and address the underlying cause of the diabetic coma to prevent further episodes.
Prevention of diabetic coma involves closely monitoring blood sugar levels, taking diabetes medications as prescribed, following a healthy diet and exercise regimen, and seeking medical attention for any changes in symptoms or blood sugar levels. It is important for individuals with diabetes to have a plan in place for managing high and low blood sugar levels, and to inform family members, friends, and coworkers of the signs and symptoms of diabetic coma in case of an emergency.