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Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are a common viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They typically appear as small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips, although they can also occur on the nose, cheeks, or inside the mouth.
HSV is highly contagious and can be spread through close contact with someone who has an active outbreak, or through sharing utensils, towels, or other personal items. Once a person has been infected with HSV, the virus remains in their body for life and can be reactivated by triggers such as stress, illness, or sun exposure.
Symptoms of a cold sore outbreak typically include:
Treatment for cold sores typically involves antiviral medications, which can help to shorten the duration of an outbreak and reduce the severity of symptoms. Over-the-counter creams or ointments may also be used to help soothe the affected area and promote healing. In some cases, prescription-strength medication may be necessary.
Preventing the spread of cold sores is important, especially to those with weakened immune systems or young children. This can be achieved by avoiding close contact with others during an outbreak, washing hands frequently, and avoiding sharing personal items such as utensils or towels. Sunscreen and lip balm with an SPF can also be helpful in preventing outbreaks triggered by sun exposure.