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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a common condition that affects many people at some point in their lives. It is often caused by the breakdown of food particles in the mouth by bacteria, which produces foul-smelling compounds such as sulfur compounds.
Other causes of bad breath may include poor oral hygiene, such as infrequent brushing or flossing, gum disease, dry mouth, smoking, certain foods and drinks, and medical conditions such as sinus infections, acid reflux, or diabetes.
Treatment for bad breath usually involves addressing the underlying cause. Improving oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly, using mouthwash, and scraping the tongue can help reduce bad breath caused by bacteria in the mouth. Drinking plenty of water and chewing sugar-free gum can also help stimulate saliva production, which can help wash away food particles and bacteria in the mouth.
If bad breath is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as sinusitis or acid reflux, treating that condition may help alleviate the symptoms of bad breath. Quitting smoking and avoiding foods and drinks that are known to cause bad breath, such as onions and garlic, may also help.
In some cases, over-the-counter or prescription mouthwashes or other treatments may be recommended to help control bad breath. If bad breath persists despite these measures, it is important to see a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the problem.