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Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis.
Symptoms of bacterial meningitis can include fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, nausea and vomiting, confusion or altered mental status, and a rash. In severe cases, the infection can cause seizures, coma, and even death.
Treatment for bacterial meningitis usually involves hospitalization and the administration of antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection. In some cases, corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the brain. Supportive care such as IV fluids, pain relief, and management of complications such as seizures may also be necessary.
To prevent bacterial meningitis, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick. Vaccines are also available for some types of bacterial meningitis, such as the pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines, which are recommended for certain high-risk populations.