Jaw tumors and cysts are growths that can occur in the bones of the jaw. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and may require treatment depending on their size, location, and type.

Some common types of jaw tumors and cysts include:

1. Ameloblastoma: A benign tumor that originates in the cells that form tooth enamel.
2. Odontogenic keratocyst: A cyst that often occurs in the lower jaw and can cause pain or swelling.
3. Giant cell tumor: A benign tumor that can occur in the jaw bones.
4. Osteosarcoma: A malignant tumor that originates in bone cells and can spread to other parts of the body.
5. Fibrous dysplasia: A condition where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, which can cause pain or deformity.

Diagnosis of jaw tumors and cysts often involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. A biopsy may also be necessary to determine the type of growth.

Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts can vary depending on the type and size of the growth. Surgery may be necessary to remove the growth, and in some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a jaw tumor or cyst.

Odontogenic jaw tumors and cysts originate from cells and tissues that are involved in normal tooth development. Other tumors that affect the jaws can be nonodontogenic, meaning that they can develop from other tissues within the jaws that are not related to the teeth, such as bone or soft tissue cells. Generally, the cause of jaw tumors and cysts is not known; however, some are associated with gene changes (mutations) or genetic syndromes.

People with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, also called Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, lack a gene that suppresses tumors. The genetic mutation that causes the syndrome is inherited. This syndrome results in the development of multiple odontogenic keratocysts within the jaws, multiple basal cell skin cancers and other characteristics.

Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts vary, depending on the type of lesion you have, the lesion's stage of growth and your symptoms. Your treatment team also considers your treatment goals and your personal preferences when making a treatment recommendation.

Treatment of jaw tumors and cysts generally involves surgical care. In some cases, treatment may be medical therapy or a combination of surgery and medical therapy.

During surgery, your surgeon removes your jaw tumor or cyst, which may include removing nearby teeth, tissue and jawbone, and sends it to the lab for examination. A pathologist examines the removed tissue and reports a diagnosis during the procedure so that the surgeon can act on this information immediately.

Other treatments may include:

• Reconstruction of the jawbone or other structures
• Medical therapy for certain types of jaw tumors and cysts
• Supportive care to help maintain your quality of life, including assisting with nutrition, speech and swallowing, and replacements for missing teeth

Long-term follow-up exams after treatment can address any recurrence of jaw tumors and cysts. Identifying recurrence early is important so they can be treated appropriately.