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Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are the most common type of benign tumor in women and can vary in size from a pea to a grapefruit.
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but they are believed to be related to hormonal changes, especially estrogen and progesterone. Risk factors for developing uterine fibroids include age, family history, obesity, and certain medical conditions such as endometriosis.
Many women with uterine fibroids have no symptoms, but others may experience heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, or lower back pain. In rare cases, fibroids can cause infertility or complications during pregnancy.
The diagnosis of uterine fibroids is usually made by a pelvic exam, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, or a biopsy. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the fibroids, as well as the severity of symptoms. Treatment options include medication to manage symptoms, such as pain or heavy bleeding, hormonal therapies to shrink the fibroids, or surgical procedures to remove the fibroids or the entire uterus.
Prevention measures for uterine fibroids are unclear, but maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and staying physically active may reduce the risk of developing fibroids. Regular gynecologic exams and prompt treatment of abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain can help detect and manage fibroids early.