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Neonatal conjunctivitis, also known as ophthalmia neonatorum, is an eye infection that occurs in newborns within the first month of life. It is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as blindness.
Neonatal conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. In most cases, the infection is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis or the virus herpes simplex.
Symptoms of neonatal conjunctivitis include redness, swelling, and discharge from the eye. The discharge may be thick and yellow or green, and can cause the eyelids to stick together. If left untreated, the infection can lead to corneal scarring, which can result in permanent vision loss.
Treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause of the infection. Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections, while antiviral medications may be used for viral infections. In some cases, topical corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and swelling.
Prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis involves screening pregnant women for infections that can be transmitted to the baby during delivery, such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea. If an infection is detected, antibiotics can be given to the mother during pregnancy or delivery to reduce the risk of transmission. Additionally, eye drops or ointments containing antibiotics or antivirals may be applied to the baby's eyes immediately after birth to prevent infection.
In summary, neonatal conjunctivitis is a serious eye infection that can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated. Prompt medical attention and treatment can help prevent complications and improve the baby's prognosis.