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Trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. It is acquired by eating undercooked or raw meat infected with the larvae of the parasite.
Trichinosis can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the stage of the infection. During the initial phase, which occurs within a few days of infection, symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. As the larvae migrate throughout the body, other symptoms may develop, including fever, muscle pain and weakness, swelling of the face and eyes, and a rash.
In severe cases, trichinosis can lead to serious complications such as heart and lung problems, as well as neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and confusion.
Diagnosis of trichinosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms and confirmed with laboratory testing, such as a muscle biopsy or blood test. Treatment typically involves medications such as albendazole or mebendazole, which are effective at killing the larvae.
Prevention of trichinosis involves cooking meat thoroughly, especially pork and wild game, to an internal temperature of at least 160°F (71°C), and freezing meat at -4°F (-20°C) for at least 20 days. Avoiding raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork or wild game, and practicing good hygiene and food safety measures can help reduce the risk of infection.