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Chloasma, also known as melasma or "mask of pregnancy," is a common skin condition that causes patches of dark, pigmented skin to appear on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is more common in women, especially during pregnancy, and in people with darker skin tones.
The exact cause of chloasma is not known, but it is thought to be related to hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or while taking hormonal medications. Exposure to the sun can also exacerbate the condition.
Chloasma is generally harmless and does not cause any other symptoms, but it can be cosmetically bothersome. Treatment options include using topical skin lightening agents, chemical peels, or laser therapy, as well as avoiding sun exposure and wearing protective clothing and sunscreen.
Prevention of chloasma includes avoiding excessive sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, wearing protective clothing such as hats and long-sleeved shirts, and avoiding hormonal medications if possible. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should talk to their healthcare provider about ways to manage or prevent chloasma.